Heres why youre never too old for a career change

Heres why youre never unreasonably old for a lifelong change It’s consistently frightening to change employments. Be that as it may, it can appear to be out and out alarming on the off chance that you have given years (or decades!) to voyaging one profession way and need to do a total switch. Don’t let dread keep you down now and then, conditions call for strong strokes. Regardless of whether you have an objective your present position won’t permit you to come to, a rundown of disappointments, or just are exhausted and need to roll out an improvement, you can do it. Here are a couple of reasons why it’s never past the point of no return for you to land the position (and the profession) you’ve consistently needed. Rolling out an improvement may include difficult work and hazard, however on the off chance that you center and truly need it, change is feasible at any age.Your abilities can transfer.You’ve effectively invested energy in the working scene, which implies you’ve gained two arrangements of aptitudes: general delicate aptitudes that apply to any jobâ (think time the board, correspondence, office behavior) and aptitudes explicit to your picked industry. The previous will work well for you regardless of where you land.What you don’t know, you can learn with time and difficult work. Furthermore, what you do know can without much of a stretch be moved into another field, position, industry, or way. Your activity explicit abilities may in any event, carry a new component to your new profession that would make you an alluring candidate.You’ve sufficiently earned to float.At this point in your vocation, you’re most likely agreeable enough to have given yourself a pleasant pad to accepting a decrease in salary to do what you love. That doesn’t mean you ought to stray into the red or work for short of what you are worth-simply think of it as not the apocalypse to make less for a brief period. Gauge your bliss against the pay misfortune and see wh at comes out on top.You won't appear flaky.Just in light of the fact that you picked a field in your mid twenties doesn’t mean you’re stayed with it for good. Needing a change, even a significant one, doesn’t make you whimsical or hesitant. It just methods you’ve grown up and recognized your inclinations. Uplifting news! You’re expected to develop! Overlook individuals who state you don’t recognize what you need to do with your life. The inverse is valid: youâ do know, and you’re effectively seeking after it.Your enthusiasm will be infectious.Wouldn’t you rather be splendid, sparkly, and positive about something once more? On the off chance that you’re getting up each early daytime fearing your work day, it may be the ideal opportunity for you to think about a change. Life’s excessively short and you’re using up all available time! Roll out the improvements you have to carry on with the existence you need. Your drive and fervor will seep into all that you do inside and outside of work.It’s never past the point where it is possible to begin something new, so don’t keep yourself down in light of the fact that you think it’s wrong. Remember: you may need to begin gradually, which is fine! You’ll need to evaluate the holes you may have in your aptitudes or training, and afterward work to fill them before you become an appealing competitor. However, in the event that you think there is a way, you ought to presumably go for it. You’ll never know until you attempt.

Marilyn Monroe Sings Happy Birthday to JFK

Marilyn Monroe Sings Happy Birthday to JFK On May 19, 1962, entertainer Marilyn Monroe sang â€Å"Happy Birthday† to U.S. President John F. Kennedy during an occasion observing JFK’s 45th birthday celebration at the Madison Square Garden in New York City. Monroe, wearing a skin-tight dress shrouded in rhinestones, sang the normal birthday tune in such a steamy, provocative way that it stood out as truly newsworthy and turned into a notable snapshot of the twentieth century. Marilyn Monroe Is â€Å"Late† Marilyn Monroe had been taking a shot at the film Something’s Got to Give in Hollywood when she flew to New York to take an interest in President John F. Kennedy’s birthday festivity at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Things had not been working out positively on the set, generally on the grounds that Monroe had been as often as possible missing. In spite of her ongoing sicknesses and issue with liquor, Monroe was resolved to make a terrific exhibition for JFK. The birthday occasion was a Democratic Party pledge drive and included numerous well known names of the time, including Ella Fitzgerald, Jack Benny, and Peggy Lee. Rodent Pack part (and JFK’s brother by marriage) Peter Lawford was the emcee and he made Monroe’s well known delay a running joke all through the occasion. A few times, Lawford would present Monroe and the spotlight would look the rear of the phase for her, yet Monroe would not step out. This had been arranged, for Monroe was to be the finale. At last, the finish of the show was close and still, Lawford was poking fun at Monroe not showing up on schedule. Lawford expressed, â€Å"On the event of your birthday, the exquisite woman who isn't just pulchritudinous [breathtakingly beautiful] however timely. Mr. President, Marilyn Monroe!† Still no Monroe. Lawford professed to slow down, proceeding, â€Å"Ahem. A lady about whom, it really might be stated, she needs no presentation. Let me just say†¦here she is!† Again, no Monroe. This time, Lawford offered what appeared to be an offhand presentation, â€Å"But I’ll give her a presentation at any rate. Mr. President, in light of the fact that throughout the entire existence of Broadway, maybe there has been nobody female who has implied so a lot, who has done more†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Mid-presentation, the spotlight had discovered Monroe at the rear of the stage, strolling up certain means. The crowd cheered and Lawford turned around. In her skin-tight dress, it was difficult for Monroe to walk, so she rushed over the phase on her pussyfoots. At the point when she arrives at the platform, she reworks her white mink coat, pulling it away from plain view. Lawford set his arm around her and offered one final joke, â€Å"Mr. President, the late Marilyn Monroe.† Monroe Sings â€Å"Happy Birthday† Under the steady gaze of leaving the stage, Lawford helped Monroe take off her coat and the crowd was given their first full look at Monroe in her naked shaded, skin-tight, sparkly dress. The enormous group, shocked however energized, cheered boisterously. Monroe trusted that the cheering will fade away, at that point put one hand on the receiver stand and began singing. Glad birthday to youHappy birthday to youHappy birthday, Mr. PresidentHappy birthday to you Apparently, the typically to some degree exhausting â€Å"Happy Birthday† tune had been sung in a provocative manner. The entire version appeared to be much increasingly personal on the grounds that there had been bits of gossip that Monroe and JFK had been having an illicit relationship. Additionally the way that Jackie Kennedy was absent at the occasion caused the tune to appear to be significantly progressively intriguing. At that point She Sang Another Song What numerous individuals don’t acknowledge is that Monroe at that point proceeded with another tune. She sang, Much obliged, Mr. PresidentFor all the things you’ve done,The fights that you’ve wonThe way you manage U.S. SteelAnd our issues by the tonWe thank you to such an extent At that point she opened her arms up and hollered, â€Å"Everybody! Cheerful birthday!† Monroe at that point bounced all over, the ensemble started playing the â€Å"Happy Birthday† tune, and a gigantic, lit cake was brought out from the back, continued posts by two men. President Kennedy at that point came up onto the stage and remained behind the platform. He trusted that the huge cheering will subside and afterward started his comments with, â€Å"I would now be able to resign from legislative issues subsequent to having had ‘Happy Birthday’ sung to me in such a sweet, healthy way.† (Watch the full video on YouTube.) The entire occasion had been significant and end up being one of the last open appearances of Marilyn Monroe †she kicked the bucket of an obvious overdose under a quarter of a year later. The film she had been dealing with could never be done. JFK would be shot and killed year and a half later. The Dress Marilyn Monroe’s dress that night has become almost as well known as her interpretation of â€Å"Happy Birthday.† Monroe had needed an extremely exceptional dress for this event thus had solicited one from the best ensemble fashioners of Hollywood, Jean Louis, to make her a dress. Louis structured something so alluring thus interesting that individuals are as yet discussing it. Costing $12,000, the dress was made of a flimsy, substance shaded souffle bandage and canvassed in 2,500 rhinestones. The dress was tight to such an extent that it must be truly sewn onto Monroe’s bare body. In 1999, this notorious dress went available to be purchased and sold for a stunning $1.26 million. As of this composition (2015), it remains the most costly garment at any point sold at closeout.

PESTEL Analysis of Tesco Business Essay

PESTEL Analysis of Tesco Business Essay PESTEL analysis is one of the strategic analytical tools used for business environment analysis; it mostly concerns the company’s external environment and factors affecting its operation. PESTEL is an abbreviation for political, economic, social, technology, environmental, and legal factors influencing the company. This business essay applies PESTEL analysis to evaluate the environment of Tesco. Political factors stand for the impact of the government on the business (Dooley Dransfield, 2006). In this domain, Tesco has strong connections with the Labor party (though the company’s authorities deny any connections and political affiliations), and produces a strong impact politically on the policies of tax reduction and expansion permissions. Economic factors relate to the state economy’s status and the way in which the domestic economic situation affects demand for the firm’s products (Harrison, 2013). The global economic crisis hit Tesco sharply, with consistent reporting of slowing earnings. However, they did not turn into losses thus far, only reflecting the falling expandable income of population stricken by the crisis and facing numerous layoffs. Social factors mean the population’s trends and features affecting the company’s popularity and performance (Dooley Dransfield, 2006). The major social factor to be considered by Tesco is the gradual ageing of the UK population, which requires going more mobile and offering flexible delivery options. Moreover, people are getting ever more health-conscious, so a stronger emphasis on healthy food offers may also attract more customers to Tesco. In the conditions of continuing consequences of the global financial crisis, keeping prices low and competitive enough may also be a beneficial approach in terms of preserving positive attitudes and popularity among consumers. Technological factors are evaluated as the state of technological progress, new technology adoption, etc. affecting the promotion of company’s products (Harrison, 2013). A globally dominant technological factor affecting Tesco at present is the increasing adoption of online shopping and mobile internet technology. Hence, shopping in physical supermarkets becomes less popular, especially among individuals who work and have scarce time for shopping. In connection with that, Tesco may preserve its competitiveness by offering more interactive tools to users, such as online pre-order of goods or online ordering of delivery. A mobile shopping application may also manifest Tesco’s embrace of the current technological trends and renew popularity among some categories of consumers losing their interest in physical shopping in favor of mobile and online options. More free time? Better grade? Click on this button nowOrder Now Environmental factors determine the customers’ attitude to the company as eco-friendly and environmentally sustainable, which determines the demand for its products and its reputation (Dooley Dransfield, 2006). In this regard, Tesco follows an explicit environmental strategy including control over greenhouse gas emissions, striving to zero net deforestation by 2020, sustainable sourcing of seafood, and focusing on the sustainable agricultural supply chains. Tesco also boasts next to zero discharge of hazardous chemicals and active involvement into reuse and recycling initiatives (Tesco, 2017). The legal environment of a business relates to the new and existing laws in the country of business’s operation and ways in which they affect company’s functioning (Harrison, 2013). In the legal domain, Tesco’s main concern is about monopoly and competition laws, which is the primary basis of its competitive advantage and survival in the increasingly competitive market. After the crisis, many small businesses have experienced problems with retail market entry, but Tesco should still monitor the situation to maintain a competitive edge and popularity among consumers.

China s Effect On The Global Economy - 1285 Words

RaghuRam Prasad Ms. Wienkes English 9 Accelerated 7 April 2016 China s Effect on the Global Economy Over the last two decades, what was once a developing country has grown into the economic superpower that is China. China passed Japan to become the world’s second-biggest economy in terms of GDP in the second quarter of 2010 and was said to be on track to surpass the United States in 2027, with an annual GDP of $14 trillion (Bloomberg). Since China became a larger and more influential country, it is now important to realize that the global economy depends heavily on China’s actions. Their exports have lowered consumer prices across the board, and their imports have impacted commodity prices. However, in recent times, China’s economy has†¦show more content†¦Plus, trade makes up 10% of Chile’s economy. If China’s economy suddenly slows down or even falls, countries like Chile are going to be hit very hard. Direct trading partners with China aren’t the only ones that will be hit, however. Individual companies like John Deere are also affected. Almost 40% of John Deere’s sales are overseas. They have reported that their sales in South America have gone down. Coincidentally, some countries in South America have China as their main trading partner. If those countries cannot export their goods, they cannot make money. Without money, they can’t import goods from other countries. In the end, John Deere cannot sell their equipment to Chile since Chile can’t sell their goods to China. This is called a domino effect. Another example would be the Standard and Poor (SP) 500 index. Even though only 2% of SP 500 revenues come from China, 44% of SP 500 revenues come from outside the US in total. Those revenues come from other countries who have a larger trade relationship with China. If they can’t trade with China, then those countries can’t pump money into the SP 500, ultimately causing an effect in the United States (Gillespie). For China to be a major exporter, they have to obtain vast amounts of materials to produce those goods. In fact, China is one of the biggest importers of both goods and commercial services. If China’s economy starts to slide, they can’t import as much goods and services. Many

Top Cima - Analysis of YJ - 1443 Words

centercenterTO From Date review of issues facing YJ 8820090900TO From Date review of issues facing YJ ANALYSIS The potential 12 fields could be considered as question marks. If these 12 turn out to be unsuccessful then it will be a dog amp; a decision has to be taken whether to kill or not. Current 3 fields are cash cows. Potential fields with good reserves can be stars. This is a highly capital intensive industry amp; it is normal to have a high debt to equity ratio. At the time the loan was taken in 2008, it was the time of the sub-prime crisis or the credit crunch. At this time no one was willing to lend. 11% of interest rate is high amp; this may be due to the risk of lending was high at that moment. YJ could consider in taking†¦show more content†¦However COS is likely to include several amortized costs. In this case payables are also not necessarily associated with COS. Payables maybe linked to new investment activities (surveying, licencing, test drilling etc†¦) Although the gearing is high the company may be able to borrow depending on availability of proven licenced oil reserves. Future cash flows maybe collaterized for new borrowings.(securitization) Due to the residual dividend policy all the profits have been re-invested. With the new CEO’S strategy it is unlikely there will be any dividends in the foreseeable future also. Upto now YJ has completely used up its tax losses. Going forward full tax at 24% has to be paid. Potential issues YJ may have with outsourcers is Control – HSE issues with regard to their companies. Timing – Availability of suppliers at the time YJ requires. Delays Major accidents. Bad employment conditions. Negotiation issues – pricing. Potential issues with new CEO’S strategy for faster growth. Lack of funds Staff – only 200 Finding outsourcers Licencing Work pressure, stress amp; dissatisfied employees. Bribes Conflict with shareholders-companies risk profile will change.(even CFO might object) Challenges to sustainability – Because operations going at a faster rate. (HSE issues). With the availability of alternatives such as shale gas, gas prices could come down. In such a case revenue for YJ could drop. Jason speaking to Oliver regarding bribes. Why former ceo Maybe

Skin and Foot Assessment of a diabetic mellitus patient Free Essays

string(34) " give a falsely high measurement\." Introduction In this article, we will discuss a case scenario related to diabetic mellitus patient. After understanding the case, we will state what is our main concern in this scenario and why will we focus on this aspect rather other aspect. Also we will introduce some tools to do an assessment in order to predict the outcome. We will write a custom essay sample on Skin and Foot Assessment of a diabetic mellitus patient or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we understand the possible outcome, we may anticipate the outcome of this patient and understand the possible worse situation too. In this scenario, foot assessment will be focused on. Case scenario Ms Wong, 47 years old woman who was a housewife, arrived at hospital due to get dizzy, fatigue and fall in the floor at home with little bleeding. After she arrived at emergency department, nurse discovered she got a wound in the left heel but she didn’t feel pain, nurses suspected she got the wound during she fell in the floor. Her vital sign was normal; body temperature was37.5C, pulse 70/min, blood pressure 126/80 mmHg, respiration 18/min. After having a blood glucose test, we knew that she was suffering from hypoglycemia and her blood glucose index was 2 mmol/d. As nurse provided glucose water and wound dressing to her, she recovered and transferred to ward for continuing observation. Her past history was that she was suffering diabetic mellitus for 7 years and having regular oral diabetic mellitus medication without daily blood glucose test by herself and her BMI was over 25, she was overweighed. Her parents had diabetic mellitus too but they passed away. After tackling her emergency problem which is lower blood glucose level, we will focus on the further investigation in order to find out the reason why she don’t get any feeling of her wound as well as to investigate how the sensation change and what is the possible outcome so as to give some recommendations to her and prevent the serious consequences. As early detection and treatment of diabetic foot complication could reduce the prevalence of negative outcome. (Prakash, 2011) In the following part, we will focus on the foot assessment. For foot assessment Foot assessments include the following aspects such as demographics, musculoskeletal system, neurologic system, peripheral vascular system and skin. Assessments will though inspection, palpation, sensation and using tools so as to obtain the result. For demographics To obtain data from interview, it includes regarding type of diabetes, gender, any smoking habit, presence of hypertension, retinopathy, nephropathy and suitability of footwear. (Thompson, Nester, Stuart Wiles, 2004) For musculoskeletal system Assessment includes postures, gait, strength, flexibility, endurance and range of motion. It includes evaluation for any deformity because imbalance of foot muscles frequently. (Khanolkar, Bain Stephens, 2008) Other muscles problems like claw toes, hammer toes, heel spurs, calluses, cracks and corns. (Chan, Yeung, Chow, Ko, Cockram Chan, 2005) The website shows how to have the musculoskeletal assessment to the patient. (BJSM, 2008) Inspection and palpation can be applied into this assessment, note the size and contour of the joint which is including knee and ankle, inspect the skin and tissue of the foot for color, swelling and any masses, any lesion or deformity, pay attention of the skin integrity. Palpation is including skin for temperature, muscles, bony articulations and area of joint capsule, notice any heat, tenderness, swelling. The most important is to palpate radial and brachial pulse. If the peripheral pulse is weak, we need to have a further assessment. Neurologic system Assessment should include asking neuropathic symptoms such as burning, tingling, numbness and nocturnal leg pains. Assessment related to sensory assessment, pressure assessment, and vibration sensation too. For sensation Pinprick sensation test is used to test pain. Lightly apply the sharp point or dull end to the foot skin randomly, unpredictable order and ask the patient to say sharp or dull depending on the sensation felt. If the result of pinprick sensation test is abnormal, temperature sensation test will be applied. Fill two test tubes, one with hot water and one with cold water and apply the bottom ends to the patient’s skin randomly and ask them to say which temperature is felt. Another method to test sensation is light touch. Apply a wisp of cotton to the skin, stretch a cotton ball to make a long end and brush it over the skin in a random order and irregular intervals and ask the patient to say yes when touch is felt. (Jarvis, 2004) Pressure sensation is usually assessed by using the10gnylon Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. (Khanolkar, Bain Stephens, 2008) For vibration Tuning fork can be used to test vibrations over bony prominences. Strike the tuning fork on the heel of your hand and hold the base on a bony surface of the fingers and great toe and ask the patient to indicate when the vibration starts and stops. If no vibrations are felt, move proximally and test ulnar processes and ankles, patellae. Also compare the vibration of both sides. (Jarvis, 2004) For peripheral vascular system The Doppler ultrasonic stethoscope is a device to detect a weak peripheral pulse and to measure a low blood pressure or blood pressure in a lower extremity. The Doppler stethoscope magnifies pulsatile sounds from the heart and blood vessels. Place a drop of coupling gel on the end of the handheld transducer. Place the transducer over a pulse site, swiveled at a 45-degree angle. Apply very light pressure and locate the pulse site by the swishing, whooshing sound. (Jarvis, 2004) Nurses should apply both Doppler ultrasonic stethoscope and ankle-brachial index. The Ankle-brachial Index is to apply a regular arm blood pressure cuff above the ankle and determine the systolic pressure in either the posterior tibial or dorsalis pedis artery. Then divide that figure by the systolic pressure of the brachial artery. The normal ankle pressure is slightly greater than or equal to the brachial pressure. However, the ankle-brachial index may be less reliable because of calcification which makes their arteries non-compressible and may give a falsely high measurement. You read "Skin and Foot Assessment of a diabetic mellitus patient" in category "Essay examples" (Jarvis, 2004) Skin assessment If patient have wound or skin impair, nurses should do wound assessment to record the size and the characteristic such as redness, edema, pain and heat. It is used to follow the wound healing progress. If necessary, nurses may have a bacteria test to confirm either the wound have microbe or not. (Worley, 2006) The outcome of having foot assessment The assessment findings can be used to indicate or predict the problems of their diabetic foot. The most positive outcome is no diagnostic findings. It is including integrated skin with normal sensation. However, other possible findings are neuropathy, ischemia, ulceration, infection and necrosis. The most serious alive consequence is amputation. Outcome of musculoskeletal syste The possible finding of musculoskeletal system is foot deformity. Deformity should be recognized early and accommodated in properly fitting shoes before ulceration occurs. If nurses assess the footwear, the chance of foot deformity will be reduced. Deformities include the Charcot foot which refers to bone and joint destruction that occurs in the neuropathic foot. Early diagnosis is important to prevent severe deformity. The foot presents with unilateral erythema, warmth and edema. (Edmonds, 2008) Outcome of neurologic assessment The outcome of neurologic assessment is either absent of sensory neuropathy or not. If patient loss of sensory neuropathy, they cannot sense pain or pressure and has a lack of identity with their feet. Also, motor neuropathy where muscular loss results in the clawed toes, high arch, foot drop and an absent ankle reflex. Due to absence of sweat and sebum production of autonomic neuropathy, the skin is dry and inelastic. In addition, pressure sensation test can be further confirmed their pain sensation is true or not. If patient can feel the pressure from the filament, the protective pain sensation is present. It is important to avoid areas of callus when carrying out this procedure as applying the filament to a plaque of callus may lead to a false diagnosis of neuropathy being recorded. (American Diabetes Association, 2010) Outcome of peripheral vascular assessment The outcome of Doppler ultrasonic stethoscope is to indicate the presence of peripheral vascular disease though listen the pulse qualities. The normal range of ankle-brachial index is 1.0 to 1.2. If the ankle-brachial index is of 90% or less, it indicates the presence of peripheral vascular disease. If the index is 0.9 to 0.7, it indicates a mild claudication, 0.7 to 0.4 indicates moderate to severe claudication, and 0.4-0.3 indicates severe claudication usually with rest pain except in the presence of diabetic neuropathy. The most serious outcome of this assessment is the index less than 0.3; it is diagnosing ischemia with impending loss of tissue. (Jarvis, 2004) Ischemia or peripheral arterial occlusive disease is the possible outcome too. It eventually will reduce in arterial perfusion severely and result in vascular compromise of the skin, often precipitated by a major trauma. Also ischemia is always associated with neuropathy. (Wilson, 2003) Infection process is the main reason for major amputation following ulceration. It can complicate the neuropathic and the neuro-ischemia foot ulcer. As infection originate from skin trauma or ulceration, often spreading to soft tissue then bone. Associated with neuropathy or ischemia, mean infection is often missed because of an absence of pain or loss of ability to mount an inflammatory response. Also there is no increase in temperature, white blood cell count and C – reactive protein. (Wilson, 2003) Outcome of skin assessment The most positive skin assessment outcome is integrated skin and no wound. However, if diabetic patient have wound, healing is usually protracted. It is because patients with neuropathy continually traumatize their foot wounds by walking freely upon them. It is difficult to tell patient to take rest when they don’t feel pain during walking. Also patients with ischemia cannot mount an adequate inflammatory response to fight infection and achieve healing. Another reason is related to the healing process. Macrophages and neutrophils are important agents in wound healing, particularly at the inflammatory stage which is fundamental to all ensuing stages. However, the above function of diabetic is impaired. Thus the wound will hard to heal. If the wound decay, it will become foot ulceration. (Bentley Foster, 2007) Necrosis is a grave implication that diagnosis necrotic foot, threatening the loss of the lumbs, and is caused by infection or ischemia or both. It is classified as either wet or dry, each with its specific management. If it is in the neuropathic foot, necrosis is invariably wet initially and is nearly always due to a septic arteritis secondary to soft tissue infection complicating a digital or metatarsal ulcer. The arterial lumen is often occluded by a septic thrombus. Both wet and dry necrosis can occur in the neuroischemic foot. The common cause of a black toe is again septic arteritis, exacerbated by large vessel disease in the leg. Dry necrosis can also develop in the neuroischemic foot and is secondary to a severe reduction in arterial perfusion. (Edmonds, 2008) For Amputation The combined impact of neuropathy, ischemia and infection are so great that is amputation. It is preceded by foot ulceration and infection. It is because diabetic related to an artery disease which reduces blood flow to the feet. If the blood flow reduces, the healing process will be slowly. Even with preventative care and prompt treatment of infection and complications, there are instances when amputation is necessary to remove infected tissue in order to save a limb or even save a life. (Wilson, 2003) If missing the above assessment, nurses cannot diagnosis the problem of this patient. The most serious consequence will be happened. Conclusion Diabetic foot assessment indicates lots of different outcomes. Patient with diabetic should not look down upon their wound; it will be have a serious consequence which is amputation. In order to have a quality of life, an impaired skin’ diabetic patient must need the further foot assessment so as to prevent the negative outcome. Reference American Diabetes Association. (2010). Foot Complications. Retrieved Mar 23, 2011, from http:// www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/foot- complications.html Bentley, J., Foster, Ali. (2007). Multidisciplinary management of the diabetic foot ulcer. Wound Care, S6, S8, S10, S12. BJSM. (2008). Knee Exam (5 of 27): Neurovascular evaluation: supine. Retrieved Mar 23, 2011, from http://www.youtube.com/user/BJSMVideos#p/u/38/xe W7dwcBZCI Chan, C. N. J., Yeung, T. F. V., Chow, C. C., Ko, T. C. G., Cockram, C. S., Chan, N. N. (2005). A manual for management of diabetes mellitus a Hong Kong Chinese perspective (revised ed.). Hong Kong: TheChineseUniversity ofHong Kong. Edmonds, M. (2008). A natural history and framework for managing diabetic foot ulcers. British Journal of Nursing, 17(11), S20, S22, S24, S25-S29. Jarvis, C. (2004). Physical Examination Health Assessment (4th ed.).Philadelphia:Elsevier Khanolkar, M. P., Bain, S. C., Stephens, J. W. (2008). The diabetic foot. Q J Med, 101, 685-695. Prakash, S. (2011). Early Screening to Cure from Type 2 Diabetes. Retrieved March 23, 2011, from http://topnews.us/content/237118-early-screening-cure-type-2 -diabetes Thompson, L., Nester, C., Stuart, L., Wiles, P. (2004). Interclinician variation in diabetes foot assessment- a national lottery?. Diabetic Medicine, 22, 196-199. Wilson, D. J. (2003). Amputation and the diabetic foot: learning from a case study. Wound Care, S18, S20, S22, S24. Worley, C. A. (2006). Neuropathic Ulcers: Diabetes and Wounds, PartI.Etiology and Assessment. Dermatology Nursing, 18(1), 52-53. How to cite Skin and Foot Assessment of a diabetic mellitus patient, Essay examples

Emerging Technologies and Innovation (Information Technology)

Question: Discuss about the Emerging Technologies and Innovation (Information Technology). Answer: Introduction: The interaction of the individuals over the social networking sites is on continuous increase. The people are more or less always connected with the help of the social networking sites. These social networking sites are used by the individuals for various purposes, either for the business purpose or for the purpose of communicating with other individuals over the personal matters. The users today are enjoying the facilities of remaining in contact with each other at any point of time and even if they reside at any place. For the people in the earlier days it had been a wonder to stay in touch with each other when they are residing in different countries or territories. The innovations and the new inventions made by the emerging science and technology led to the emergence of the software and the related sites that started making the connections among the individuals for various purposes much more smooth and easy that can be done within a few seconds (Feng et al. 2014). The social networking sites such as Twitter, Facebook , Flickr, MySpace, and other messaging sites such as the mobile messengers that can be used through the mobile networks are gaining more and more popularity among the Internet users (Cheminod et al. 2013). The Internet users are very much engaged in utilizing the advantages of such networking media. The sharing of the data has now turned to be a broad application and one of the essential parts of everyday life. People nowadays or rather in todays digital world cannot think of leading their lives without the presence of such social networking sites, at every stance, or rather at every moment they are in need of remaining connected or on line via the medium of such data. The popularity and increasing usage of the data sharing allow the real time communication among the users, they allow instant messaging as well as internet calling among the users even though they reside at different locations. The users of the OSN or the online soc ial networking sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, MySpace are able to share the required information or data very easily. These social networking sites provide the spaces to the people through which they can easily carry connect with the people who are unknown to them and can develop new contacts. However, this act of enjoying the anonymous communication or sharing the data privately can lead to various disadvantages. There always remains a risk of the data getting hacked by the internet hackers or when such data will be exploited for the adversarial actions, as for instance when the individuals make an access to the private network without any legal permission and share the data in an illegal manner by the means of profiling the owner of the data whose private information is breached by such adverse action(Galliers Leidner, 2014). The digital world today has given rise to many advantages and the people can receive many valuable data regarding a plethora of aspects, people nowadays hardly need to wonder or rack their brains for searching any meaning or any information. The presence of Internet and all the kinds of informative software applications have made it quite possible. However, the use of the online social networking sites for the purpose of communicating with the help of the messengers in Facebook, chats, hangouts, MySpace, Twitter and many other applications or networking sites, have brought to the forefront many privacy issues as these networking sites always remain susceptible to diverse risks such as the leakage of information, corruption of data and also the breach of privacy (Li et al.2012). The information, thus, which is shared by the individuals engaged personally and the data shared by the corporate sectors for the need to be kept safe and secured from being illegally exploited. The corporate business sectors possess a great necessity of preserving their information related to the business interests. Therefore, the organizations save their critical information with the help of the International Standard known as the Information Security Management system (ISMS), thereby preserving the vital data from security discloses. An ISMS is the security system that uses the ISO standards in order to protect the privacy and confidentiality of the critical information (Hill et al. 2014). Significance of the study: The major purpose or the importance of this in depth study is to acquire the required information from the studies made earlier regarding the similar topic and to integrate the similar information acquired with that of the opinions that he himself possess and thus, in the process, make the readers understand and get knowledge about various aspects of the online social networking sites and the issues related to the maintenance of privacy of the communication that is conducted with the help of the means of such social networking sites. The report has attempted to undertake an in-depth study of the Industrial Control Systems (ICS) that is used for protecting the safety of the information related to the public infrastructures that is very vital for the country. The researcher thus gives information about all the security measures and standards that can be adopted and are usually adopted by the companies both the private and public sectors in order to secure the privacy of the information and most important data (Hahn et al. 2013). Specific aims of the Report: ISMS can easily protect the information and retain the privacy of certain matters; however it is not taken to be much suitable for the purpose of tackling the critical information. Although ISO 27001 marks the infrastructure of the ISMS, and it can save the privacy of the general information systems and can be implemented easily, it cannot provide the safety that is needed by the infrastructure owners of IC, who therefore actually follow the safety standards of IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. Therefore, as a result, for the maintenance of the confidentiality, availability, security and privacy of the entire information systems or the ICS a new Information Security Management System is required to be developed (Lees 2012). Therefore, the purpose of this report is to identify a new model SNSM for anonymous communication schemes in social network Security model after studying the standards such as the ISO, NIST SP 800-53s and the IEC 61511 standards. Thus, the researcher in this pursuit will deal with the following aims that would help in conducting the study or the research: To identify the importance characteristics of the anonymous communication schemes in the social network To find out the processes by which the security and privacy are working in the anonymous communication schemes in the social network To study and identify the security control or requirements of three international standards, namely, IEC 61511, NIST SP 800-53s and ISO Thus, the researcher would try to deal with the above aims and conduct the study in order to know the probabilities of designing a new system of Information or a new model that can help in the preservation of the data sharing (Wirth et al. 2016). Issues (Problem Statement): In this very section the researcher will provide the readers an in-depth study about the feature of the communication systems, the modes of data sharing and several other aspects regarding the importance of security in the communication systems. Through the collection of information about different aspects related to the topic from the secondary data sources the report would make the readers aware of each aspect through a profound and thorough study of the issues (Chretien Kind, 2013). The issues that usually arise are regarding the exposure of the identities of the users who may not like to get their real identities revealed, however, by default some of the social networking sites or websites may require the users to reveal their true identities for the sake of creating their profiles in those online social networking sites. Such privacy issues affect largely the perspectives of various users to use those sites for conducting certain important communication or work. Thus, two major issues can be identified based on this present scenario of privacy concerns. These two issues entail the identity of the users and the anonymity of the users. The users after revealing their true or real identities in the social networking websites get an exposure and their profiles or the accounts formed in such sites become known by other users too. Now, often it may happen that the hackers or the attackers of the privacy of the profiles with help of search engines try to index the ac counts of certain users if they are the users of a common social networking site. This in turn enables the hacker of the accounts to find the information about the victims or the users with the help of the search results, and thereby expose the anonymity of the users of such social networking websites or applications. There are other ways too which can be used by the attackers, namely the Neighborhood Attack and De-Anonymization attack, for the purpose of accessing the privacy of the profiles of certain users (Rock et al. 2013). Literature Review: This section would deal with an in depth study related to the International standards that are adopted by the business organizations in order to protect the breach of the private and vital communication. Through this section the readers will become aware about the importance of such international standards that are implemented by the companies as well as the significance of safeguarding the security of such information that takes place among various organizations and among the individuals regarding the personal issues. With the help of the secondary data sources this report will try to answer and deal with the identification of the features of the anonymous schemes, the incorporation and the issues related to such incorporation of the ISO, NIST and IEC and the explanation of their models finally would also inform about the solutions to such issues that can ensure the permanent safety of the social networking sites from the online hackers. The researcher in this section of the report would make a combined study by taking in consideration the studies conducted by previously by other researchers and also by integrating with it the researchers own views (Litt, 2013). Introduction and Application of the International Standards (ISO 27001, NIST SP 800-53, IEC 61511) and the issues related to them: (Model Explanations) ISO 27001: These international standards form the basis for the management of the security of the professional or corporate data as well as they are capable for safeguarding the personal information. ISO is one such International standard.ISO is the International standard that can be termed as the determination for the security of the data in the administration framework. This standard has proved to be very useful in protecting the information or the privacy of the organizations and thereby it can be termed as the information security management system of the organizations. This security management system had replaced the BS 7799 part 2. Although this standard has proved to be very useful for the business organizations, it cannot be used by the organizations for the authorization of the particular information and security controls, the reason is that wide ranges of organizations use this international standard. This standard enables the organizations to preserve the privacy of the assets, such as the financial data, details of the users as well as the details of the third parties. The certification to the ISO is possible for the organizations as per the set standards of the security management, but it is not mandatory (Kass-Hout Alhinnawi, 2013). NIST SP 800-53: NIST or National Institute of Standards and Technology is one such international standard that forms one of the parts of the particular publication series that is the 800 series; it helps in dealing with the programs in the risk management series or framework that deal with the security control. This international standard helps in providing the U.S. federal information systems a catalog of security controls. This standard aid the federal agencies in the incorporation of the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002, so that the companies or the federal organizations can manage the cost effective programs in order to preserve or save their information systems and the data sharing that is done for conducting the communication with other parties. The special publication of NIS that is known as the Guide for Assessing Security Controls in Federal Information Systems and Organizations enable the evaluation of certain security control measure in order to identify what will be th e correct modes of the security controls. This is undertaken for the sake of protecting the privacy of the information of the families, individuals and other organizations and the nation. NIST is also known as the NIST special publication, which deals with the assortment of some of the fundamental set of baseline security controls that are used to recommend the security control measures for the federal information systems and organizations (Vyrynen et al. 2013). The fourth version of the NIST had taken a more holistic and different approach by hardening the systems with the help of applying the new forms of architecture in order to safeguard the information systems from the cyber attacks. It has been observed by many that the NIST is more concerned with the check box compliance rather than the actual security (Wirth et al. 2016). Many issues have reported against the security control measures of the NIST SP 800-53 or more probably the revised version 4. It has been observed that this version of the NIST is making the companies too much contended regarding the security of their information systems. It has been also reported that the mechanisms used by the NIST are not that much new and are rather obsolete, and therefore very less time is spent in solving the issues regarding the security control. Many companies even after the incorporation of the NIST SP are not that much safe as they are still vulnerable and are on the verge of being attacked by the cyber attack (Vyrynen et al. 2013). IEC 61511: IEC 61511 is another technical international standard that has been applied by many organizations for the preservation of the information related to the instrumentation of the firm. The firm incorporates IEC 61511 in order to protect the engineering systems of the companies and the information related to them. This international standard adapted by the organizations in order to analyze the probable risks and in order to ensure the certification of the SIS or Safety Instrumented Systems. This is for increasing the security controls among the users of the online social networking sites. The companies those adapt the IEC 61511 for the protection of the information or more precisely for the reduction of the risks undertake the Certification of Compliance with the IEC 61511, because this is very much important for the Process Industry Segment. The companies for the reduction of the risks use this particular technical standard, the risk reduction is set as the major priority by the IEC 615 11. Many critics or scholars such as Rahman and others have opined that for the purpose of the reduction of the risks there should be a graph in the facebook in order to design and assure a photo-based authentication that will preserve the privacy of the users by reducing the risks. Some other critics or researchers like Zhou have proposed that for the sake of maintaining smooth communication throughout the indirect social relationships via the media of the online social networking sites, there should be the introduction of the holographic encryption. This will also allow the free access of the resources throughout such indirect social relationships; however, there need to be exclusive information about the third party who is the owner of the resources (Jkl Berki, 2014). IEC61511 is very much useful in assuring the companies regarding the provision of the safety functions, reduction of the risks at every step and thereby the protecting the information systems of the organizations and management of the functional safety through the proper evaluation of the risks (Schumacher et al. 2013). However, there are some of the issues that challenge the proper execution of the IEC 61511 in the organizations. One of those issues is that IEC is that the there remains many steps in the process of the implementation of the IEC 61511, which make the entire process lengthy, that is the SIS design cycle becomes lengthy. Therefore, it requires very well planning and proper scheduling of the entire methodology of the application of IEC 61511, so that the SIS design cycle can be well managed to rescue it from the involvement into more critical dimensions (Jkl Berki 2014). Need for an advanced approach for securing anonymous communication scheme for social networking: Importance of Security in Anonymous communication scheme in social networking: In accordance with the opinions of the critics namely Danezis and Mittal, the use of layered encryption is very much needed for receiving the full control over the members of the online social networking sites, such as the facebook, MySpace and Twitter, etc. This is because the encrypted keys will be able to utilize to encode the information of the manager or the actual owner of the data. This will in turn ensure that the other users or the members of the online social networking sites are not able to get an access to the data and thereby the privacy or the safety of the data is conformed. It has been observed that among all other social networking sites, it is Face book that has the provisions for safeguarding or rather encrypting the real data by the process of filtering the whole of the URL that is able to connect the users to the website that is peripheral. Many critics or researchers have stated that Face book is able to provide warning to the users when they are on the verge of clicking on any website that is completely a fraudulent one. If the users are not warned about the fraudulence that is carried out by the hackers of the profiles and the information contained in the accounts or the profiles of the victims, the users will be always at loss and they may continue using the unknown websites, thereby falling victims to the traps of those hackers. The users of the face book may not remain aware of such fraudulence messages or the websites and therefore in such a case the user can compress the continue button or can click on the cancel button. Therefore, the concept or the aspect of the security is applicable to both the anonymity and the security of the data sharing through the online social networking sites (Hill et al. 2014). Significance of the Privacy in Anonymous Communication Scheme in the Social Networking: The owner of the data should be very much aware of the need to preserve the privacy of the data and therefore the owner of the data should undertake the execution of the privacy preservation configuration whenever there is a need to share the personal data (Bennett et al. 2015). Thus, the privacy preservation scheme by the medium of the well-managed revocation of the online social networks is the major concern of todays digital world. The privacy of the data of an OSN user is the liability of the user or the owner himself. The owner of the data possesses the exact control over the pictures, videos, and other copyrighted materials and the owner of the data is himself or herself responsible for the revelation of the information that is contained in his or her profile (Li, 2014). It is usually presumed that the information contained in the profile of a particular user is private and safe with the owner in case of Face book or Twitter or any other such online sites. However, in reality t he other members of the group who are there in the contact list of the owner are aware of the personal details of each other. The OSN applications such as the Facebook and the Twitter are not at all the anonymous online applications because these are such applications that require the users to reveal the identity of the users while signing in and opening their profiles. Thus, it is quite visible and evident that the privacy that is assumed to be maintained by the users regarding their profiles are actually show or reveal the information or the identity of the users through the means of the photos or the video that are uploaded by the users (Knapp Langill, 2014). Value or the Significance of the safety in the Anonymous Communication Scheme in Social networking: There is a tremendous need for the safety of the anonymous communication as such communication and the data related to such communication suffer positive or the passive and active attacks in the ad-hoc network routes (Feng et al. 2014). In case of the passive attacks, the intruder is not able to adapt the message stream and thereby the invader cannot perform any such function, this makes the invader incapable of making disrupting the function of the routing protocol (Roman et al.2013). Therefore, theses are attacks are the passive attacks. On the other hand, the attacks become active when the flow of the data is prevented as well as degraded. The active attacks delete the data as well as modify the data. In accordance with the critics and the researchers like Pishva and Hoang, besides these active and passive attacks, there are also the intersection attacks as well as the predecessor attacks and time attacks (Roman et al. 2013). Solution to the issues: The issues that have been identified with regard to the communication and sharing of the data among the users of the online social networking sites as well as the issues or the problems that cause hindrances during the installation or application of the International standards by te companies also have certain solutions. The solutions can be the following: Anonymity via Virtual Private Network (VPN) - This is the higher mode of the security control that helps in solving the problem of the proxy (Valente, 2012). The usage of the Virtual Private Network enables the encryption of the information or the data sent from the PC of the clients and then the information is again sent to the server of the VPN through the VPN tunnel that remains secured (Guerrero et al. 2013). The major strength of the Virtual Private Network is that the information packets that are sent from the source or the Pc of the clients remain encrypted and then are decoded after reaching the servers through the VPN tunnel. The hackers will try to retrieve the privacy of the data shared between the source clients and the servers and this will be done through the decrypting of the message after hacking the security key of the VNP (Knapp Langill, 2014). Preservation of the anonymity by the use of TOR (The Onion Router)- Here comes the another method that would help in the protection of the privacy of the data that is shared among the individuals for the sake personal matters and among the business organizations. This can be presumed to be one of the best modes as it helps in the transmission of the fully unique and safe encrypted information to the destination clients. This is because the messages that are transferred or that originate from the source client have to undergo or pass through a number of assessment procedures. The methodology of TOR is a very complex internal working mechanism. It helps to trace the activity of the users very easily (Galliers, Leidner, 2014). Although it may seem to be a complicated process, this is a good one as it makes the utilization of the cryptography and various layers of encryption. When the data is transmitted from the source to the destination clients, the information in this method is required to pass through various hubs, where the data is scrambled, de-encode and re-encoded with the help of the open key or the codes of the hubs. Thus, in each of the hub, the message that is under transmission will have to pass through the decoding of the encryption for the revelation of the next layer of the encryption, in accordance with the rules of the methodology of TOR (Lees, 2012). The entire process, thus, leads to the formation of the Onion Ring as the name itself suggests. As and when the information or the messages enter the last hub, the data need to pass through a final decryption of the encryption and finally the unique data gets delivered to the destination where it needs to reach without the breach of its privacy (Knapp Langill 2014). Therefore, the incorporation and adaptation of the TOR will be the most suitable means for the protecting the entire process of anonymous communication that is being carried through the online social networking sites (OSN) and thereby the safeguarding the privacy of the data sharing through decryption and encryption processes (De Coster McEwen, 2015). (Model Explanation) Conclusion: Thus, it becomes quite evident from the fact that the due to emergence of the new technologies and the increase in the innovation in the field of science, interaction and comfort zone of interaction has developed through the means of Information Technology, however, it has also caused many disadvantages, that need to be resolved. The privacy of the individuals and their information that is at stake at todays digital world can be preserved by the use of the VPN and TOR. Out of these two, TOR has proved to be the best in evaluation of the data sharing methods and helping in the transmission of the correct and safe information to the destination (Simons 2013). References: Cheminod, M., Durante, L., Valenzano, A. (2013). Review of security issues in industrial networks.Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on,9(1), 277-293. Feng, N., Wang, H. J., Li, M. (2014). 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Is Your Generation Wiser Than Your Grandparents Essay Example

Is Your Generation Wiser Than Your Grandparents Paper This question has been asked about numerous times in the past and yet with so many people pondering and contemplating about it, theres no definite answer to this question. It all comes down to how you look at it. From my point of view, I think that the current generation Is becoming more and more of a book smart. There Is a clear divide between a book smart and a street smart. Being book smarts means being smarter while street smarts means being wiser. The current generation may well be smarter than the previous generation as they are spoon-fed with all the knowledge and information accumulated through the ages starting from the first day they step into a school. These massive amounts of knowledge and Information which is the work of countless scholars, philosophers, researchers and other Intellectuals in the past are taught to our generation In schools and we, the current generation, are expected to digest all of it without complaint. This phenomenon certainly causes the current generation to be more of a book smart than a street smart. It Is an obvious fact that the current generation has unparalleled technological advancements and inventions which make life In the 21 SST century all the more convenient and comfortable. Something that our grandparents generation Is devoid of. But more importantly the technological luxury that we have today causes us to be more and more dependent on technology. Nowadays, no matter which age group you come from, you would most probably use search engines like Google, Yahoo, Billing or any other well known search engines to look for information you need on the internet. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Your Generation Wiser Than Your Grandparents specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Is Your Generation Wiser Than Your Grandparents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Is Your Generation Wiser Than Your Grandparents specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This Is clearly not the case back in the old days. Whenever our grandparents generation Is In need of Information, they would have to look for It themselves In other places, for example, the library. In this new millennium, we certainly have taken technology for granted. With all the information in the world at our fingertips, why would anyone in their right mind want to waste their time foraging through shelves of tomes Just to obtain the same information? And in taking technology for granted, we lack something which our grandparents have In abundance experience through exposure. Wisdom defined in the English Collins Dictionary is the ability to use your experience and knowledge in order to make sensible decisions or Judgments. Wisdom comes with experience and exposure. If we take all our technology for granted, we lose out a lot of exposure In life. For example, we Intuitively search the Internet Tort our International needs Instead AT actually slung ten Diary, tens we lose out on the experience of catching a bus and traveling to the library. Apart from that, we play online computer games for entertainment rather than actually going outside o play. Our grandparents have no such technology related forms of entertainment, so they have to resort to using their imagination to come up with fun games which has become traditional games such as board, dice, word, and agility games. There is also another piece of technology which is notorious for being time stealer which almost everyone invites into their houses with open arms and that piece of technology is the television. Personally Eve realized that mind-numbing television programmed can without you realizing it, take away hours upon hours of your recipes time. According to A. C. Nielsen Co. , in a 65-year life, a person will have spent 9 years glued to the tube. Thats nine years of your life wasted away! Though some may argue that education-oriented TV programmed do educate you, but that surely doesnt beat the experience you get from real life exposure. As a Chinese proverb goes, It is better to travel ten thousand miles than to read ten thousand books. I think that the current generation arent in anyway wiser that our grandparents generation. With all the conveniences in our lives through the advancements in science and technology, we need not to work as hard as our grandparents in the old days to get what we want. We are less independent that our grandparents. The lacking of this real-life exposure makes us imbalanced as we get smarter in school but not wiser in life. The way I see it, the modern civilization is shifting from being street smarts to being book smarts, from being wiser to being smarter. A very clear and apparent transformation which cant be avoided since entering into the information technology age of the 21st century.

Free Essays on House Of Usher

creates a very effective atmosphere in the story. Another important way Poe uses the setting is to foreshadow events in the story. Roderick Usher's mansion is on example of this. There is a "barely perceptible fissure" in the masonry. It is a small crack in "The House of Usher" which the narrator defines as "both the family and the family mansion." This foreshadows an event that will ruin the house and the family. The fissure divides the house. Roderick and Madeline die, destroying the family. The narrator says there is a "wild inconsistency between [the masonry's] still perfect adaptation. and the crumbling condition of the individual stones." This is also symbolic. The stones represent the individual people of the Usher family, and... Free Essays on House Of Usher Free Essays on House Of Usher In the short story, The Fall of the House of Usher, the famous author Edgar Alan Poe writes about a man with a dreadful illness living in a gloomy house. There are three main characters: the narrator, Roderick and Lady Madeline Usher. Poe mentions little about the narrator who is a childhood friend of Roderick. Roderick Usher and Madeline Usher are brother and sister and the two sole survivors of the House of Usher. The story begins with the nameless narrator explaining his reason for coming to see his childhood friend Roderick. Roderick has grown very sick over the past few years and so has his sister Lady Madeline. Their physical and mental conditions have deteriorated dramatically along with the condition of the mansion in which they live. It is mentioned that even though the structure of the house was still intact, it was surrounded by decaying trees and murky ponds. Upon careful inspection, a crack starting at the roof and going down into the ground could be seen. The Usher household, once a respectable family, now was disappearing into the ruins. The narrator had not seen Roderick since their childhood days. However, the letter that Roderick writes to his friend is so passionate that his friend cannot resist coming to help. Roderick writes with his heart and soul that he is in a very poor physical condition and that he needs the help of a friend to help him recover. In the hopes of being able to help Roderick, his friend ends up coming to see him. As he enters the Usher mansion, he discovers that the inside of the house is just as spooky as the outside of not more. Furthermore, there is not a single sign of light in the house. Even a faint glow hurts Roderick’s eyes. It is said that Roderick’s disease is of the ‘acuteness of senses’. This meaning that his senses do not work correctly. He can only wear clothes of certain textures and is hears strange sounds sometimes through his ears. As Roderick Ushe... Free Essays on House of Usher â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Setting "The Fall of the House of Usher," by Edgar Allen Poe, the setting is used extensively to do many things. The author uses it to convey ideas, effects, and images. It establishes a mood and foreshadows future events. Poe communicates truths about the character through setting. Symbols are also used throughout to help understand the theme through the setting. Poe uses the setting to create an atmosphere in the reader's mind. He chose every word in every sentence carefully to create a gloomy mood. For example, Usher's house, its windows, bricks, and dungeon are all used to make a dismal atmosphere. The "white trunks of decayed trees," the "black and lurid tarn," and the "vacant, eyelike windows" contribute to the collective atmosphere of despair and anguish. This is done with the words black, lurid, decayed, and vacant. The narrator says that the Usher mansion had "an atmosphere which had no affinity with the air of heaven." It was no where near being beautiful, holy, or clean. He uses descriptive words such as decayed, strange, peculiar, gray, mystic, Gothic, pestilent, dull and sluggish to create the atmosphere. Poe's meticulous choice of words creates a very effective atmosphere in the story. Another important way Poe uses the setting is to foreshadow events in the story. Roderick Usher's mansion is on example of this. There is a "barely perceptible fissure" in the masonry. It is a small crack in "The House of Usher" which the narrator defines as "both the family and the family mansion." This foreshadows an event that will ruin the house and the family. The fissure divides the house. Roderick and Madeline die, destroying the family. The narrator says there is a "wild inconsistency between [the masonry's] still perfect adaptation. and the crumbling condition of the individual stones." This is also symbolic. The stones represent the individual people of the Usher family, and...

BMW automobiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BMW automobiles - Essay Example Introduction: During the 1990’s BMW had managed to established itself as one of the most profitable automobile manufacturer in the world. Ranking right after the BIG 5 in the automobile industry i.e. General Motors ,Ford , DaimlerChrysler , Toyota and Volkswagen. Originally Aero-space engine manufacturer the BMW had somehow manage to position itself amongst the top luxurious and stylish automobile producer competing with the top car producers in the world. BMW by 2000 through its class and elegance made itself actually what it claimed , ‘The ultimate driving machine.’ A style icon BMW had three brands operating under the group name , BMW which was the last contributor to the sales of automobile , MINI a remake and rebuilt version of the famous English style icon and the Rolls Royce. In the mid of 90’s the BMW group acquired the UK owned Rover. This take over did not prove a successful one at all as it brought a lot of financial damages to the group along wi th that defaming the face of the group. Along with this the size of the company and range of cars also became an issue. To tackle this issue Rover was sold. Quandt family’ the major share holder of the group applied pressure on the group to stop over 900million Euro worth of yearly losses caused by Rover. As a result the CEO resigned and a New CEO was appointed. The new CEO faced a tough situation where threat of Quandt family disposing of its share will leave the group open for Acquisition though the group was fair in size in comparison with Big 5. In 2002 Helmut Panke a nuclear physicist took the post of CEO and decided to turn the wheels by choosing aggressive approach so as to increase market share and become market leader. Factors Effecting Market There were various factors effecting the automobile marketing causing the autmobile manufactures to make a shift if strategies. The economies had been hit by recession effecting buying power of customers. Hence they’ll g o for cheaper options. To stay in the market BMW has to Reduce cost but reducing cost mean earning less marginal profits which previously was quite easy to earn. Environmental concerns: Global warming and greenhouse gases are increasing day by day, BMW cars are on petrol which is a contributor to green house gas. Geopolitical tensions: The war in the middle east and the disturbance in the rich Arab world which would be high contributors to BMW sales globally. BMW group has to look for ways to compensate for these sales. Fuel consumption and efficiency: The war in the middle east lead to fluctuations and dramatic increase in oil prices hence making the gas consumption uneconomical for most engines . Purchases in the asian markets for automobiles increased: The economy depressed in the USA and European markets where BMW sales were high but an increase in sales in Asian countries was observed. Porters 5 Forces Model 1) Competitive Rivalry The competition would grow tough as the focus w ill be on Asian markets with their already being rivals there eg Honda, Toyota, Suzuki etc Though they don’t match BMW on the class and elegance scale but these makers are much less expensive then BMW. 2) Power of suppliers There wont be no significant change but there will be more suppliers willing to negotiate terms as productions have been slowed down or cut down. 3) Power of buyers The customers will become powerful as few of them will be buyers

Essay, Consumer Psychology (Beer Industry Chosen) Essay

, Consumer Psychology (Beer Industry Chosen) - Essay Example One fact has remained steady and that is the beer consumer. In recent years, however, there has been a decline in beer consumption due to a variety of reasons, most obvious of which is the evolving consumer behaviour. This essay will identify some important and noteworthy behaviours of beer consumers that have been observed or found through literature reviews. The second section of the paper will attempt to interpret the behaviours into known consumer behaviour concepts for better understanding. The final part will convert the interpretations for the use of marketers in the development and planning of campaigns to satisfy these needs of the customers. Picture a roomful of men, sitting in front of the Sony Bravia TV to watch the latest English Premier League game, after a long, tiring day. Their wives and children are supping or sleeping peacefully at home but tonight is the boys’ night out. Somebody has just ordered Dominos pizza and the men are all sitting with camaraderie, joking and laughing loudly together. To complete this scene there is only one thing needed: beer. If we take the definition of Consumer Behaviour to be, â€Å"the decision process and physical activity individuals engage in when evaluating, acquiring, using or disposing of goods and services† (Loudon, p5), then the above, a typical scenario involving loyal beer consumers, can be broken down into distinct steps, each signifying one aspect of the consumer’s behaviour with regards to beer usage and consumption: 1. Evaluating: As the boys will get together and there will be carefree banter and fun, there has to be an activity (watching sports on a big screen TV like the Bravia), a venue (the living room), participants (all the five or six men), food (pizza by Dominos as all the ‘boys’ like it) and drink (which has to be beer). What can be derived from this is that when adults are relaxing and in the mood to have fun, they will likely want beer. 2. Acquiring: Getting

How Does Poverty Affect A Child?

How Does Poverty Affect A Child? State parties recognise the right of every child to a standard of living adequate for the child`s physical, mental, spiritual, moral and social development. (UN Convention, Article 27) (Daniel, P, 1998, p50) There are two definitions of poverty; absolute and relative. Absolute poverty refers to a set of standards which is the same in all countries and which does not change over time, whereas relative poverty refers to a standard which is defined in terms in which the individual lives. In Britain we refer to relative poverty when discussing poverty, according to End child poverty. Org (2009) 4 million children, one in three, are currently living in poverty in the UK, http://www.endpoverty.org/ Any household with an income of less than 60% of the British Median is classified as in poverty. The official cut off line is  £199 per week for single parents and  £283.20 for a two parent family after housing has been paid (Gentleman, Amelia, 2009) It is often argued that if children are housed, fed and have access to free healthcare that they have nothing to complain about, Hilary Fisher, director of the campaign to End Child Poverty would disagree stating half Dickensian, half wartime, with images of children in ill-fitting clothes, is very far from reality. People have peculiarly outdated conceptions of British poverty (Gentleman, Amelia, 2009) http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2009/mar/18/child-poverty-labour-eradicate-promise Providing a weeks worth of meals for three people for  £6.66 a head is easy once you work out how, .The gas and electricity payments for the week have already been made, so she knows the children will be warm. A mothers words quoted from an article from The Guardian. She also rejects the suggestion that her family might be described as poor. Oh no, she says firmly. We get by. http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2009/mar/18/child-poverty-labour-eradicate-promise Poverty usually means children miss out on school trips, do not have adequate winter clothing and arent able to enjoy leisure activities with their peers. As a result, their education suffers making it difficult to get the qualifications they need to move on to sustainable, well-paid jobs. This limits their potential to earn the money needed to support their own families in later life, and so a cycle of poverty is created. According to Rowntree the two most significant causes of child poverty are long-term unemployment and the growing number of low paid jobs. (Daniel, P, 1998, p59) Children who grow up in poverty face a greater risk of having poor health, being exposed to crime and failing to reach their full potential. http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/strategy/parents/childpoverty/childpoverty/ Childhood is the most vulnerable time of life and health inequalities can have lasting effects throughout life. Good health in the early years lays the foundations for positive development. http://www.hmg.gov.uk/newopportunities/early_years/priority.aspx Katy Morton says children living in poverty are more likely to be obese and have poor dental health. (Nursery World). Obesity can lead to an increased risk of diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, osteoarthritis and some cancers. http://www.food.gov.uk/science/dietarysurveys/lidnsbranch/ Attachment theory is the joint work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth (Ainsworth Bowlby, 1991). He thereby revolutionized our thinking about a childs tie to the mother and its disruption through separation, deprivation, and bereavement. Mary Ainsworth contributed the concept of the attachment figure as a secure base from which an infant can explore the world. http://www.psychology.sunysb.edu/attachment/online/inge_origins.pdf. Poverty reduces the parental bond and attachment between parent and child, due to the parent being pre-occupied with financial problems, housing worries and health problems, according to studies of parents in poor families (Huston, 199; McLoyd, 1990; Sampson Laub, 1994) (Rudolph Schaffer, H, p346) This could be argued that children whose parents are out of work and are at home with the children may have a better attachment with their children due to time spent at home` the first few months are vital in order for babies to form healthy attachments.` http ://www.hmg.gov.uk/newopportunities/early_years/priority.aspx These studies also suggested that child that come from poorer homes often live in a chaotic and disorganized manner due to parents being too busy with their own problems and that children would more likely to be attracted to playing in the street and are more likely to come to harm within the home and outside of the home. That parents are more likely to use `erratic` and ` disciplinary techniques` to use physical punishment on their children. (Rudolph Schaffer, H, p346) Many children who face poverty escape damage and develop into well-functioning adults. (Rudolph, Schaffer, H, p347) Poverty does not always lead to inadequate parenting but can have great effects on the children`s self esteem and self image leading to depression and worthlessness. (Rudolph, Schaffer, H, p347) Children who have intellectual, athletic or artistic talent which leads to fulfilment are more likely to follow acceptable pathways rather than leading into anti-social behaviour, violence and crime. (Rudolph, Schaffer, H, p347) Where children who come from poverty their parents may not be able to afford the fees for such activities and not be able to fund the equipment needed, this could result in the child not being able to develop their talents. (Rudolph, Schaffer, H, p347) It was in 1867 that Thomas Barnado set up the Ragged School and starting helping the abused, vulnerable, forgotten and neglected children of east London and his work still continues today. `Barnardos vision today is that the lives of all children and young people should be free from poverty, abuse and discrimination. Barnardos believe in the abused, the vulnerable, the forgotten and the neglected. We pledge to support them, stand up for them and bring out the best in each and every child` http://www.barnardos.org.uk/who_we_are/history.htm A government-commissioned report on health inequalities will provide a key influence on future public health policy in the UK, according to Health Secretary Frank Dobson the Acheson report published in 1998 demonstrates the existence of health disparities and their relationship to social class, the report calls for an increase in benefits for expectant mothers as they have inadequate diets. There is substantial evidence that reduced breast-feeding, small-for-gestational-age birth weight, Fe and I deficiency, and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are associated with long-term deficits in cognition and school achievement. However, all these conditions are associated with poverty and poor health, according to a report by S. M. Grantham-McGregor, S. P. Walker and S. Chang http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1fid=796168jid=PNSvolumeId=59issueId=01aid=796156 Cognitive development are stages that children have to pass through to understand and make sense of the world around them as stated by Piaget (Kehily, M, J, pg, 145, 2009) Also stating that poverty has a disproportionate effect on children, and children under two are more expensive to look after than older children, but Income Support levels do not reflect this. Furthermore it states that many low income families do not have enough money to buy the items and services necessary for good health, meaning that money for food is often used to meet emergencies. The report calls for more funding for schools in deprived areas, better nutrition at schools and health promoting schools. Promoting health through the curriculum, offering free fresh fruit and avoid putting sweet machines on the premises. The report also states children from disadvantaged backgrounds achieve less at school than other children and are more likely to go on to get badly paid jobs or be unemployed. This leads to a vicious circle of health problems associated with low income and a perpetuation of the poverty trap. The poor are also twice as likely to have drink problems as the rich. Seven teen per cent of poor men and 6% of poor women has an alcohol problem, compared with 8% of rich men and 3% of rich women. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/222649.stm Men and women with a lower level of educational achievement tended to have a less healthy diet according to results from The Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey (LIDNS). http://www.food.gov.uk/science/dietarysurveys/lidnsbranch/ In Britain in 1997, one home in every three was classified as a low-income household. With children being raised in poverty were less likely to attend school on a regular basis, not progressing on to further education and gaining qualifications to lead into employment. Girls were more likely to become young mothers and to fall into the same cycle of deprivation as their parents. There is a strong link between childhood experiences and adult life-chances. Former Prime Minister, Tony Blair, pledged in 1999, to end child poverty by 2020 with an interim target to halve child poverty by 2010/11. http://www.insidegovernment.co.uk/children/child_poverty/ Children living in poverty usually have to live in poor housing conditions, this can lead to the child having health problems like asthma, bronchitis, living in bad housing can cause severe ill-health and disability before they reach middle age. they are more likely to be absent from school, child development suffers due to their home being cold and damp, their chest hurts when they breathe, and not being able to sleep at night, when the heating does not work as an article by lisa Harker states. http://www.guardian.co.uk/society/2006/sep/13/comment.guardiansocietysupplementEvery Child Matters government programme for child welfare picks out health, safety, economic well-being, making a positive contribution, enjoying and achieving as the critical factors that shape childrens lives, there is no explicit recognition of the role that housing plays Childrens mental health is also affected. According to` The Shelter` children are teased at school because their clothes smell of damp, which affects self-confidence and they have low self-esteem. The condition of the house makes it difficult children to have friends round to play, which impacts on their social development. http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-files/Society/documents/2006/09/12/Lifechancereport.pdf In 1999 the Government made it a priority to eradicate child poverty within a generation. The Child Poverty Bill was introduced to provide a statutory basis for the commitment made by the government in 1999 to eradicate child poverty by 2020. http://www.politics.co.uk/legislation/children-and-family/child-poverty-bill-$1307945.htm `Sure Start brings together childcare, early education, health and family-support services for families with children under 5 years old. It is the cornerstone of the Governments drive to tackle child poverty and social exclusion working with parents-to-be, parents, carers and children to promote the physical, intellectual and social development of babies and young children so that they can flourish at home and when they get to school.` http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/everychildmatters/earlyyears/surestart/aboutsurestart/aboutsurestart/ From April 2009 expectant mothers are able to get a one-off, tax-free payment called the Health in Pregnancy Grant. The grant is a one-off payment of  £190 the money is to help parents with cost of a new baby. http://www.hmrc.gov.uk/hipg/what-is-it.htm#1 also a way of encouraging pregnant women to eat more healthily, to spend more money on fruit and vegetables. This was argued by Dr Mark porter from the Times that many mothers to be would spend the grant on `booze` and `fags` rather than on enriching food for their unborn. Recent research has shown that the nutritional status of the mother during pregnancy can have a profound long-term impact on her unborn babys health. This can alter the babys metabolism, permanently increasing the likelihood of a range of problems in adult life, including obesity, heart disease and high blood pressure. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/features/article6086365.ece Expectant mothers not having the sufficient vitamin can have greater risk of children developing diabetes, multiple sclerosis and possibly even autism according to Dr Mark Porter from The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/health/features/article6086365.ece ADHD is associated with children of low birth weight; tobacco, alcohol and cocaine abuse during pregnancy although there is little evidence that ADHD can arise purely out of social or environmental factors such as poverty, family chaos, diet or poor parent management (Barkley, 1990). http://www.adhdtraining.co.uk/about.php The strong association noted in a study between maternal mental health and childhood ADHD, single-parent families of lower income may be the most affected population. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/reprint/111/5/S1/1232 The Government introduced the Child Benefit in 1977 replacing family allowances and child tax allowances it is a tax-free payment that can be claimed for children. . There are two separate amounts, with a higher amount for the eldest (or only) child of  £20.00 a week  £13.20 a week for any other children. Child Benefit is flat-rate and not age-related. `The case for age relation is that children become more expensive as they grow older. ` .http://www2.rgu.ac.uk/publicpolicy/introduction/socialsecurity.htm?CFID=538533CFTOKEN=eec3c7817f178fc-6136AFC9-D609-CB06-42FF4E4FAC7FCB18jsessionid=5030a3ed25e20497a47539430a692d643d45TR Child Trust Fund (CTF) is a savings and investment account for children. Children born on or after 1 September 2002 will receive a  £250 voucher to start their account. The account belongs to the child and cant be touched until they turn 18, so that children have some money behind them to start their adult life. Working Tax Credits was introduced in 1998 with the child care tax credit contributing to 70% of childcare for most families to help them back into work. (Pugh, G, p12, 2010) According to a report by Steve Doughty, Labours Tax Credits is being blamed for the break-up of families and the doubling of divorce rates in low income families with children. Ministers acknowledge that children being raised by married couples or complete family units are more likely to do better at school, have a better diet and are less likely to turn to crime and unemployment as those children coming from single parent families and step families. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1158700/Tax-credits-DO-help-break-families-Parents-encouraged-divorce-claim-higher-benefits-says-report.html Tax Credits is to blame for the extra 45,000 extra babies born yearly according to research from the Fiscal Studies. With all the help from the government and all the incentive schemes why do children still living in poverty, do parents need to be better educated and should children learn money management at school. The Governments Every Child Matters Outcomes Framework should be revised to reflect the direct impact that housing has on all aspects of childrens life chances

Full Faith and Credit Clause

I think the most predominant subject that comes to mind involving the Full Faith and Credit Clause of the U. S. Constitution centers around â€Å"same-sex marriages. † The argument in this issue centers around whether a gay couple who gets married in Massachusetts would/should be recognized as legally married in any other state they move to. I am sure the framers of the Constitution could never have imagined that some 200+ years later, that the original intent of Article IV Section 1 of the Constitution, the â€Å"Full Faith and Credit Clause,† could possibly undergo the scrutiny it has had to endure in recent years. The word â€Å"marriage† means only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife, and the word â€Å"spouse† refers only to a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a wife. The Constitution specifically delineates that no State shall be required to give effect to any public act, record, or judicial proceeding of any other State respecting a relationship between persons of the same sex that is treated as a marriage under the laws of any other State, or any right or claim arising from such relationship. If â€Å"same-sex marriages† have become legally acceptable in some states, then those couples should enjoy those benefits in the states in which they are considered to be legal. States are granted the right to determine those laws that have effect on their own citizens, and, should a gay married couple wish to reside in a state where same-sex marriages are not legal by law in that state, then they must accept the law in that state as binding on them. Any state that chooses to not recognize same-sex marriages within their own constitution certainly has that right under the Full Faith and Credit Clause. Until at such time someone finds a way to challenge the constitutionality of the Clause, gay couples will have to resign themselves being able to practice their chosen lifestyle, but without the benefits of such union in states where it is deemed illegal. In further support of this issue, I believe that the Defense Of Marriage Act (DOMA) (1996) is unconstitutional on its face. DOMA violates principles of equal protection and due process. A strong case can also be made that DOMA abuses the Full Faith and Credit Clause and contravenes fundamental principles of federalism. Since there are relatively similar laws enacted in all 50 states, with only small differences between most of them, I see no reason that the Full Faith and Credit Clause should be held applicable to the issue of same-sex marriages. I find it difficult to imagine how the Court could find excluding same-sex couples from the definition of marriage unconstitutional without creating a constitutional requirement that same-sex couples be allowed to marry. Therefore, I believe that the Constitution guarantees each and every one of us the right to choose to marry the one we love. The fact that they are of the same sex should not deprive those individuals of the same rights and privileges of other citizens merely because it violates some individuals morals or beliefs. Since the Constitution itself does not actually delineate the definition of marriage, I believe that all attempts that deprive gay people certain rights not otherwise deprived of other individuals violates the spirit of the Constitution, and abuses the Full Faith and Credit Clause therein.

Banking: an Ethical Dilemma? Essay

Introduction In this report, I plan to discuss the question Banking: An Ethical Dilemma? Within this is I will discuss ethical dilemmas in association with banking. I will firstly start by giving definitions of what is meant by the terms: Banking, Ethics, and Dilemma. From here, I will go on to identify what banks are and what the roles and importance are for the economy. Next, I will go on to explain banking operations and with this identification, I plan to then discuss the ethical dilemmas and show my opinion on the question ‘Banking: An Ethical Dilemma?’ I will then discuss any other issues unrelated to ethical dilemmas within the banking sector and with this; I plan to use references and facts to support my argument on the subject. Finally, I will identify my finding regarding the dilemma and try to conclude on whether banking is ethical. Main Body Firstly, ‘Banking’ can be defined as one of the key drivers of the economy. Banking provides a safe place to save excess cash, known as deposits. It also supplies liquidity to the economy by loaning this money out to help businesses grow and to allow consumers to purchase homes, cars and consumer products. Banks primarily make money by charging higher interest rates on their loans than they pay for deposits. (http://useconomy.about.com/od/glossary/g/Banking.htm) ‘Ethics’ comes in many forms but can primarily be defined as the code or rules of moral principles that are set standards of good or bad, or right or wrong decisions, in personal conduct and therefore is a guide to the behaviour that is morally acceptable from a person or within a group or an organisation. Ethics effect moral decision made by people, and its main concern is what is good and though to be best for society. Siddiqui (2010) With this definition of ethics, ethical behaviour is very much a s it seems. The behaviour is used surrounding ethics. It is behaviour, which is seen to be accepted as good or bad, or right or wrong, within organisation rules and obligations and government laws. It is about being responsibly and acting in an honest and fair way taking into consideration whether the actions taken are affecting people in a way that would not be seen as ethical. ‘Business Ethics’ is the same aspects and contains the same issues of ethics and ethical behaviour but is put into a business context. This is deal with on a daily bases throughout every organisation in the world. Within this subject, business ethics is not just based on the organisation or employees but also to any customer that they may have. Many organisations have had their reputation tarnished with bad publicity due to the business ethics. This can be down to employment or how the organisation is ran, this can include poor working conditions, exploiting people or even down to low wages. Organisations that do not follow in business ethics can result in breaking the law that can lead to them being sued; the problem with this is that multi-million businesses can often afford to take a hit but never the less that is no excuse to disregard their ethical behaviour. Finally, the term ‘Dilemma’ can be defined as: a situation that requires a choice between options that are or seem equally unfavourable or mutually exclusive. (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dilemma) Banks are seen in many forms, they primarily come in the following forms, which are Retail, Central, Investment, and Building Societies. The main purpose of a bank is to provide a safe place where people have confidence to deposit money. It is seen that banks are produced and ran by honest people. As well as storage of money, there are many other purposes to bank, but they are separated into individual banks and depends are on what form of bank they represent. Retail banks are otherwise known has commercial/high street banks, which customers use every day for goods and service links with their everyday tasks. They main roles are to provide a service to corporate, personal, and private banking to customers. This can include bank accounts for money storage, loans, credit car ds, mortgages, and saving as well as many more. Examples of these banks would be; HSBC, Lloyds TSB & NatWest. Central banks are the main bank within a national, and have many roles, which are vital in the economy. Central banks such as The Bank of England unlike retails banks are need to keep the economy financial stable. The Bank of England’s roles are to; set interest rates, create money supply, lender of last resort, they are the bankers bank and the place of settlement and they have to regulate these to provide paramount service for the economy. Investment banks are otherwise known as merchant banks. The main purposes of these banks are raising capital for customers, businesses or for the government. This can be achieved by providing services for mergers and acquisitions as well as propriety trading, foreign exchange. Unlike retail banks, investment banks do not take deposits, these banks run from taking equity. Building Societies are financial institutions, which mainly provide saving accounts and mortgages. Unlike other banks, building societies are mutual which means that their customer are members and can therefore receive information and attending meeting regarding the progress or alterations in operations and have a right to vote on the actions taken. Building societies are run by shareholders and have directors whose decision it is on the strategies taken. Banks have great importance within the economy, and without them, we would see a different world from the one we see today. â€Å"Although banks create no new wealth but their borrowing, lending and related activities facilitate the process of production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of wealth. In this way they become very effective partners in the process of economic development.† (http://www.blurtit.com/q197532.html) What do banks do? This is a question, which many people may be confused by. People deposit their money into a bank for feeling that it will be kept safe for them to collect at any time, when in reality when someone’s deposits money is to their account, the banks promptly lend the money out to another customer and in result creates a cycle. In fact, when a customer makes a deposit at a bank only an initial 8% is kept in banking funds, 90% of the deposit and lent out to another customer creating more profit for the bank. As well as accepting deposits banks also repay against written order, create account, lend money, render account, reasonable notice closer, maintain secrecy (Tourniers exception), interest and fees, set off, return cheques and pay against monies held. Although these are the main roles this is not an indication of the products and service which are provided by individual banks and may differ between them. Therefore, when looking into banking, where can we draw the line to say whether a bank is being ethical or not? I think the first factor, which needs to be pointed out, is that banks are businesses and therefore are out to make a profit, but how far will they go in succeeding this main objective and with this jeopardise their ethical values? So as previously stated the main purpose of the bank is to make a profit and to do this they have to provide service and sell products as such. The bank is required to make a profit to provide to the shareholders, and with this will increase the business and allow the business to grow and progress. Banks as businesses are not charities and therefore need to make a profit without making a profit banks would fail without input into finance and would therefore have to relate on government funding, which in turn would change banks from private businesses into national banks. With doing this then the government would have to get the funding from somew here to provide to the bank so this would most likely required an increase in taxes which would then cost people more money in do this. The problem with this is that without the private funding from customers then it would be possible for banks to fail which would create havoc with the economy. This would put more of the public’s money at risk, and could affect the circulation of money and without circulation the money, as we know it will lose value and will basically die out. If it were put into place that banks were made national this, this would mean that they would have to be more cautious and would take no risks in the services, which they provide. This would mean that people would not get the high interest returns on their account and saving which they believe that they should be entitled to but do not want any of the risk which is associated with this. For a bank to make a profit, they are required to use customer’s deposits and lend the money out to other investments. The percentage of the deposit, which is loaned out, can be seen to be risky and if customers were to find out this then they may be less inclined to deposit their monies. Is it unethical that a) Customers are not informed of this? Alternatively b) the percentage that is loaned out? This could be altered by giving the customer more information. Is 8% of a deposit a reasonable amount to keep or should it be higher. I think that if banks start reducing the percentage, which in turn would allow them to make more profit that this would be unethical and it is creating more risk to customer’s money and without guarantee that there is going to be 100% return rate. I think that if banks did lower the percentage, and did increase the money that could lend then this would influence banker’s decision on the ethical values if it were allowing them to make more profit for the bank and in turn increase any bonuses, which they would receive because of the extra profit. With this extra money, going back into circulation then this would create an increase in interest growth. Although this may be seen to be unethical, I think the main problem is the education of the public on this subject. Banker bonus is always high-level news in media, as people hear about these v ast bonuses and cannot understand where these amounts are coming from. It is my perception that why people hear about theses bonus that they believe that it is their money that is being used to fund the bonus that that everyone within the bank or the average banker is going to receive these bonuses when in reality it is actually very few who do. I believe that banker should be allow bonuses as without the work that they put into the banks then this would result is a fall within the economy, so in result I do not believe that these bonuses to be unethical. The Financial Services Authority otherwise known as the FSA is the regulatory of the UK’s financial services industry. This was set up by the government with the purpose to regulate the activities of financial services markets, exchanges, and businesses. All financial service must follow the standards, which have been put in place by the FSA; this has consequences if not followed. This can be used to show that a bank is being ethical as the FSA would be able to notice any unethical activities wi thin a bank and would then take action to correct this. The make act of unethical behaviour is using customers money to achieve personal ambition. This is using the money in a scene of greed and in result to boost ego. A good example of this would be Fred Goodwin. Fred Goodwin was the former chief executive of the Royal Bank of Scotland (RBS). His personal ambition was to build RBS to become one of the world largest banks. With the authority in his post, he created a bank that was more focused on selling the products and service than the fundamental service of banking and with the temptation to create more profit was building then this was just the beginning of the unethical behaviour. As a result of this RBS grew and quickly became one of the largest banks but within this growth it was not long before questions were raised regarding the ethical values of the banks. Following investigation, which was launched after whistle blowing if, was seen how unethical Fred Goodwin had been in running operations within the bank and promptly resigned from his post after RBS lost approximately  £25 Billion, which would be able to fund the NHS for two years. To date this is the biggest ever commercial lose in history. This is a key example of when the temptation of personal gain overrides ethical value. So is it ethical for a bank to fail? Banks are formed on trust, if it is seen that a bank has failed and has lost its money and funding would create mass panic. This was seen in previous years with Northern Rock. When as many banks in the past, Northern Rock went to the central Bank of England to ask for lender of last resort, but made public awareness and suddenly people started to panic that they money was not safe and wanted to withdraw the funds from the account. This soon resulted in the banks running out of money as the 8% per cent of deposits that was kept in storage soon ran out. Banks are now introducing ethic policies, this would allow the customer to gain a greater knowledge and insight into the bank on how they run ethical, and from here, and customers can evaluate them and from here make a decision on which bank to choose. The first bank to introduce they ethical policy was the co-operative bank back in 1992. From these policies, it allows a more transparent view into the bank and how it is ran. This can show information such as where customers deposits are loaded onto for example this money could be loaned onto a business that has poor environmental records, which you may feel strongly about and would rather not create funding for them. Is it possible for any bank to act ethically, as a principle they may all try to portray a positive image of the ethical values but with the key goal to make profit, how far is too far for ethicality before they can be criticised. There are banks with exception in which they actions may be seen to be unethical but in retrospect the are somewhat ethical. Rationalisation for unethical behaviour comes in four common forms; these are seen to be used to justify misconduct and other ethical dilemmas. They are: * Convincing yourself that the behaviour is not really illegal. * Convincing yourself that the behaviour is in everyone’s best interests. * Convincing yourself that nobody will ever find out what you’ve done. * Convincing yourself that the organisation will â€Å"protect† you. Schermerhon (2005) Ethical investment is another problem, which is often brought to the public eye. It has been said that investment bank should invest into smaller companies instead of mass-market organisation to create more business with the economy. As much as this can be seen to be ethical, the problem with this is that there is higher risk investing in smaller companies as there are not necessarily going to be successful and as a result create more risk of no return on initial investment. This could then result in the bank having to act more unethically to compensate for their actions. Conclusion Overall, within this assignment I have given definitions of banking, ethics, and what is a dilemma. From here, I went on to explain what is a bank, and the different types of banks and what they roles where and how they differed from each other. I then discussed banking operation and when onto discuss the ethical dilemmas within banking sector. After doing research I believe that in banking, it is very difficult to constantly stay ethical and it is so easy to fall for temptation to act unethically in either time of need or for personal gain. This can be done with minimal effort and sometimes without even notice. Ethics is incorporated in everyday life and is going to be constantly changing therefore I believe what is seen to be ethical could at some point be seen as unethical depending on the state of law. I have discovered that within all organisations there are constant uses of ethical behaviour both good and bad. Therefore, I believe that each organisation at some point will encounter a combination of the alternative ethical views. From analysing the ethical actions, I have concluded that even though some decisions and behaviours are seen to be unethical this does not necessarily mean that they are illegal. It is dependant of organisational procedures and government laws. Bibliography * About.com (2010) Banking. [online] Available at http://useconomy.about.com/od/glossary/g/Banking.htm [Accessed 1st April 2011] * Siddiqui, K. (2010) Lecture Hand-outs 6 – 8. * The Free Dictionary (2010) Dilemma. [online] Available at http://www.thefreedictionary.com/dilemma [Accessed 17th March 2011] * Blurtit (2010) What is the importance of the banks. [online] Available at http://www.blurtit.com/q197532.html [Accessed 18th March 2011] * Schermerhon, J.R. (2005) Management 8th ed. New York. John Wiley and Sons Inc. * Boatright, J.R (2008) Ethics in Finance. 2nd ed. Oxford. Blackwell Publishing. * Boartright. J.R (2000) Ethics and the conduct of business. 3rd ed. New Jersey. Prentice Hall, Inc. * Parkin, M., Powell, M., & Matthews, K. (2005) Economics 6th ed. London. Pearson Education Limited. * Co-operative (2011) Why we have ethical polices [online] Available at http://www.goodwithmoney.co.uk/why-do-we-need-ethical-policies/ [Accessed 6th April 2011} * Bank of England (2011) About the Bank [online] Available at http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/about/index.htm [Accessed 23rd March 2011]